The Impacts of Climate Change on the Use of Forces by 2050

This report presents the outcomes of a strategic foresight initiative led by the Joint Centre for Concepts, Doctrine and Experimentation (CICDE), examining how climate change will affect the use of military forces by 2050. Developed under France’s Climate & Defence strategy, the publication explores the operational, logistical, and strategic implications of climate disruption across defence domains. It analyzes climate-related risks such as water stress, food insecurity, migration, and extreme weather events, and outlines how these will shape future missions, infrastructure, equipment, and training needs. The report also includes detailed assessments of vulnerabilities across the Navy, Army, Air Force, and support services. Through scenario-based analysis and forward-looking recommendations, the document supports defence planning and resilience-building in an era of accelerating climate risk.